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Der Freischütz
''Der Freischütz'', Op. 77, J. 277, (usually translated as ''The Marksman''〔Scholes, Percy A., 1952, ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music'', London: Oxford University Press, p. 219.〕 or ''The Freeshooter''〔Clive Brown. ("Freischütz, Der." ) in ''The New Grove Dictionary of Opera''. Ed. Stanley Sadie 〕) is a German opera with spoken dialogue in three acts by Carl Maria von Weber with a libretto by Friedrich Kind. It premiered on 18 June 1821 at the Schauspielhaus Berlin. It is considered the first important German Romantic opera,〔Boyden, p. 339: "The German Romantic opera really began with ''Der Freischütz'' of Carl Maria von Weber (1786–1826). See also p.284 n.2: "Indeed from Weber's ''Freischütz'' (1821) one can date the beginning of musical Romanticism."〕 especially in its national identity and stark emotionality.〔Boyden, p. 339: "This work ... marked the emancipation of the German opera from Italian and French models ... In addition to the magic and supernatural elements, the opera specializes in local color of the forest, peasants, rustic love, hunting, and hunting horns ... the folk tale, the folk-song type of melody, and folk dances. These elements are rather naïve and nationalist in emphasis."〕
The plot is based on the German folk legend of the Freischütz and many of its tunes were thought to be inspired by German folk music, but this is a common misconception. Its unearthly portrayal of the supernatural in the famous Wolf's Glen scene has been described as "the most expressive rendering of the gruesome that is to be found in a musical score".〔Kobbé 1997, p. 958.〕
==Performance history==
The reception of ''Der Freischütz'' surpassed Weber's own hopes and it quickly became an international success, with productions in Vienna the same year followed by Leipzig, Karlsruhe, Prague, other German centres, and Copenhagen. 1824 saw productions in four London theatres in four different adaptations, as well as the French premiere at the Théâtre de l'Odéon as ''Robin des Bois''.〔Carl Maria von Weber: Der Freischütz. In: Kaminski, Piotr. ''Mille et Un Opéras''. Fayard, 2003, pp. 1726–7.〕 Among the many artists influenced by ''Der Freischütz'' was a young Richard Wagner.〔Fisher (2002) p. 5〕 A version in French with recitatives was prepared by Hector Berlioz for a production at the Paris Opera in 1841.〔''Berlioz and the Romantic Imagination.'' Catalogue for exhibition at Victoria and Albert Museum for Berlioz centenary. Art Council, London, 1969, p. 84.〕 This was revived at the Paris Opéra-Comique in 2011.〔Le Freischütz. Opéra-Comique season book 2010–2011, pp. 37–38.〕
The overture and the "Huntsmen's Chorus" from act 3 ("With princely enjoyment and manly employment") are often performed as concert pieces.
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